Section A: Comprehension and vocabulary (30 marks)
Read the passage below carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
It started when second hand clothes were in fashion in Rwanda a
few years ago. One day, Ms. Mukandoli, a busy mum and a loving wife, went
shopping for nice second hand clothes. After a few hours of searching, she came
home exhausted and disappointed because everyone was struggling to pick nice
ones.
In 2016, the government of Rwanda increased the price of second
hand clothes, so many women found it hard to find the right outfit. “I will help them,” – thought Ms.
Mukandoli. With very little money, no
connections in the fashion world and a community who laughed at her idea that
it was not realistic, she persisted and decided to start up her own business.
Ms. Mukandoli
designed her first collection of twenty clothing items, bought suitable
materials and a sewing machine. Ms. Mukandoli was a tailor herself. Her sitting
room turned into a workshop. When the collection was ready, Ms. Mukandoli took
them to fashion shops. To her surprise, they bought the whole collection at
once.
When they asked her about the name of her company, Ms. Mukandoli
looked at them, smiled and said: “Inyarwanda”. Today many people have fallen in
love with products from Ms. Mukandoli. She has hired other tailors and expanded
her business. Other people have copied her and now clothes made in Rwanda are
on high demand across the country.
Section A: Comprehension and vocabulary (30 marks)
Part I: Reading comprehension (14 marks)
1)
Choose the best option among the
given alternatives and circle the letter corresponding to it.
I) When were the second-hand clothes fashionable in Rwanda?
A) 2015
B) A few years ago
C) 2016
D) Last year
ii) What
problem did Ms. Mukandoli have while shopping?
A) She had no money.
B) The clothes were too expensive.
C)
She couldn’t find nice clothes.
D) The shops were closed.
iii) Why was Ms. Mukandoli
exhausted after shopping?
A) High prices
B)
Everyone struggled to find nice clothes.
C) No stores
D) She was sick.
iv) What happened in Rwanda in
2016 according to the passage?
A) Clothes became cheaper.
B) Second clothes were banned.
C)
The price of second hand clothes increased.
D) More shops opened.
v) Why did Ms. Mukandoli start her
business?
A) She wanted to compete with others.
B)
She wanted to help women find affordable clothes.
C) Her friends told her to.
D) She knew people in fashion.
vi) How many items were in her
first collection?
A) 10
B)
20
C) 30
D) 50
vii) What did Ms Mukandoli do with her
first collection?
A) Sold them at a market.
B)
Took them to fashion shops.
C) Gave them away.
D) Kept them at home.
viii) What did Ms. Mukandoli buy
to start her business?
A) A factory
B) Second-hand clothes
C) A delivery van
D)
Materials and a sewing machine
ix) Where
was her first workshop located?
A) Garage
B) Sitting room
C) Shop
D) factory
x) What is the name of Ms.
Mukandoli ‘s company?
A) Rwandan
Fashion
B) Inyarwanda
C)
Mukandoli Designs
D) Second Hand Chic
xi) What happened to Ms. Mukandoli’s
business over time?
A) She closed it.
B) She
only sold online.
C) She
started importing clothes.
D) She expanded and hired more workers.
xii) How did the community react
to her idea initially?
A) They supported her.
B) They laughed and called it unrealistic.
C) They
ignored her.
D) They
invested money.
xiii) What
is the current demand for Rwandan-made clothes?
A) Low
B) High
C) Only
local
D) none
xiv) What effect did Ms. Mukandoli’s
success have on others?
A) It
inspired others to make Rwandan clothes.
B) It made
others afraid to start businesses.
C) It
decreased the demand for local clothes.
D) It
caused problems in fashion.
Part II: Vocabulary (16 marks)
2) Choose the appropriate terms which
refer to the given explanations and complete the sentences. (4 marks)
i) A
flowing body of water is a…………………………………………..
A) Lake
B) Liver
C)
River
D) Hill
ii) A large area filled with many
trees is a …………………………...
A)
Forest
B) Desert
C) Mountain
D) Field
iii) A place which is very dry and has
very little water is called a…………………………………….
A)
desert
B) plateau
C) cliff
D) valley
iv) A piece of land surrounded by
water is called ……………………….
A) bay
B) coast
C) rift valley
D)
island
3) Using the words from the box,
complete the following paragraph. (6 marks)
Food,
gatherers, fire, tools, hunters, survival
Many early
humans were both hunters and gatherers, searching
for plants and using simple tools to
catch small animals. They discovered how to make fire which helped them to stay warm and cook their food. This way of life was important
for their survival in
the prehistoric world.
4. Read the following paragraph
and circle the correct answer. (3 marks)
‘Gender’
refers to the roles, behaviours, and expectations society associates with being
male, female, or no-binary. Gender equality means ensuring fairness in
opportunities regardless of identity. Stereotypes, like assuming boys shouldn’t
cry or girls must like pink, can limit people. Discrimination based on gender
harms individuals and communities. Inclusion involves respecting everyone’s
identity and choices.
i) Which term describes ‘fixed ideas about how genders should act’?
A) Inclusion
B)
Stereotypes
C) Discrimination
D) Identity
ii) Which word means ‘unfair treatment based on gender’?
A)
Inclusion
B)
Equality
C) Discrimination
D)
Roles
iii) In gender context, ‘inclusion’ means:
A)
Excluding certain groups
B) Respecting and valuing all identities
C)
Enforcing traditional roles
D)
Ignoring individual choices
5)
Match the term with its meaning. (3 marks)
|
Term |
Meaning |
|
a)
Leader |
i) more
than a half of the votes |
|
b)
Election |
ii) the
act of making a choice in an election |
|
c) Majority |
iii) a person who guides or directs a
group |
Answers:
a) Leader -> iii) a person who guides or directs
a group
b) Election -> ii) the act of making a choice in
an election
c) Majority -> i) more than a half of the votes
Also read another National Examinations here
Section B: Language structure (40 marks)
6)
Put the verbs in the
brackets into
the correct form, past continuous or past simple. (10
marks)
A) While the Rwandan Patriotic Front ………………… (fight) for control, the country
…………………. (suffer) from the violence
of the genocide.
Correct answer:
While the Rwandan Patriotic Front
was fighting for control, the country suffered from the violence
of the genocide. (Note: "was suffering" is also grammatically
acceptable).
B) Who ……..(lead)
the Rwandan government after the genocide?
A man of integrity……………(be) chosen.
Correct answer:
Who led the Rwandan
government after the genocide? A man of integrity was chosen.
C) When the RPF ………… (take)
control of Rwanda, many people …………(flee)
to neighbouring countries.
Correct answer:
When the RPF took control
of Rwanda, many people fled to neighbouring countries.
C) The international community ………(provide) aid to Rwanda while the country ……(rebuild).
Correct answer:
The international community provided
aid to Rwanda while the country was rebuilding
D) Different Rwandans ………(give) their opinions while leaders
………………(establish) laws.
Correct answer:
Different
Rwandans gave their opinions while leaders were establishing
laws. (Note: "were giving" is also acceptable).
7) Choose
and circle the correct answer to complete the sentences. (5 marks)
i) I ……………. play three musical instruments: guitar, piano
and drums.
A) may
B) can C)
able to D) need
Correct answer:
B
ii) I won’t be going to Kigali with you tomorrow…………… I
feel a lot better.
A) unless
B) if not C) as
if D) only if
Correct answer:
A
iii) She .................to drink filtered water as she
is today’s speaker.
A) can
B) needs C)
may D) must
Correct answer:
B
iv) They ...............not be able to attend the party
tomorrow.
A) can
B) may C)
must D) have
Correct answer:
B
v) If you want to feel better,
you............. not take a lot of time watching TV.
A) can
B) may C)
must D) be able
Correct answer:
C
8) Choose and circle the best option
to complete the following sentences. (5 marks)
i) The Umuganura festival, which
celebrates the harvest in Rwanda, is held every August, …………………. the rainy
season ends.
A) while
B) after C)
before D) until
Correct answer:
B
ii) Traditional Rwandan songs are often performed ……………..
people gather for cultural ceremonies.
A) since
B) as soon as C)
whenever D) by the time
Correct answer:
C
iii) …………… the introduction of
Christianity in Rwanda, many people practiced traditional beliefs and rituals.
A) Since B)
Before C) When D) While
Correct answer:
B
iv) Many Rwandans participate in
community dances …………….. the evening arrives during major cultural festivals.
A) as soon as B) Until C) by the time D) whenever
Correct answer:
A
v) ……………… Rwandan communities adopted Christianity,
they blended it with their traditional cultural practices.
A) While B) Before C) After D) By the time
Correct answer:
B
9) Rewrite the
following sentences as instructed in the brackets. (5 marks)
A) This desk is very heavy. I can’t lift it. (Join the sentences using: ………..too………to)
Answer:
This desk is too heavy for me to lift.
B)
Mary likes juice more than milk. (Rewrite using: ……prefer…to)
Answer:
Mary prefers
juice to milk.
C) My classmate has been absent.
He has got an injury. (insert “because of” to join the
sentences)
Answer:
My classmate
has been absent because of an injury
D) My mother told me
……................ I could join the group. (Choose
one of the following words and complete the sentence: what, that, which)
Answer:
My mother told me that I
could join the group.
E) Jane is
beautiful. Chantal is not so beautiful. (Re-write
as one sentence beginning: Chantal.............................)
Answer:
Chantal is not
so beautiful as Jane. (or: Chantal is not as beautiful as Jane).
10) Complete the paragraph below using the following words: (5 marks)
Scale, cup, measurement,
difference, spoon
In cooking, it is important to use
the right (a)…………………… for each
ingredient. A common measurement is a (b)
…………………….., which is often used for liquids. For dry ingredients like flour, we
might use a (c) …………………, which helps to ensure
accuracy. When baking, even a small (d)
…………………………. in measurement can affect the final product. Always check your (e) ………………… before starting the recipe.
Answer:
(a) measurement
(b) cup
(c) scale
(d) difference
(e) spoon
(Note: There is a mistake in
the original exam paper where the letter 'd' is used twice for the blanks. But
I have corrected).
11) Check whether the words in
the brackets are appropriately used and correct them where necessary. (5
marks)
A) I had
no (piece) until I gave the dog a (peace) of meat.
D)
I always ask Jane (weather) or not
we are going to have a storm, for she can feel rainy (whether) approaching.
C) (It’s) dirty and filthy outside the cafeteria.
Answer:
a) I had no peace until I gave the dog a piece of meat.
b) I always ask Jane whether or not we are going to have a
storm, for she can feel rainy weather approaching.
c) It's dirty and filthy outside the cafeteria. (The word
is used correctly; the brackets should be removed).
12) Which word does not have
the same underlined sound? Circle it. (5 marks)
Food
mood
blood
spoon
fly entry cry try
bat
cat
apple
bake
fight
fit
lit
knit
King cow
cake
know
Answer:
a) blood (Has the /ʌ/ sound, while the
others share the /u:/ sound).
b) entry (Ends in the /i/ sound, while the
others end in the /aɪ/ sound).
c) bake (Has the /eɪ/ sound, while the
others have the short /æ/ sound).
d) fight (Has the /aɪ/ sound, while the
others have the short /ɪ/ sound).
e) know (Has a silent 'k', while the others feature a hard /k/ sound).
Section
C: Summary writing (10 marks)
4)
Read
the following text and summarise it in not more than 50 words.
Careers and Their Roles
Jobs
are an essential part of our lives, with each profession serving a unique
purpose in society. Teachers play a vital role in shaping young minds,
imparting knowledge, and guiding students toward a better future. Doctors
dedicate themselves to diagnosing and treating illnesses, ensuring the health
and well-being of people. Engineers are innovators, designing and building
structures, machines, and systems that improve our daily lives.
In
the hospitality and tourism sector, jobs like travel agents, hotel managers,
and tour guides focus on providing excellent service to tourists and ensuring
memorable experiences. Chefs, on the other hand, specialize in preparing
delicious meals, often reflecting the cultural diversity of their regions.
Creative careers such as writers, journalists, and graphic designers allow
individuals to express ideas and stories that inform, entertain, or inspire
others. Meanwhile,
careers
in public safety, like police officers and fire fighters, involve protecting
communities and maintaining order.
Each
profession requires specific skills, dedication, and a willingness to
contribute to society. Choosing the right job often depends on personal
interests, strengths, and the desire to make a difference.
Sample Answer: Jobs serve vital societal purposes. Educators shape minds, doctors ensure public health, and engineers build critical infrastructure. Hospitality workers and chefs serve others, while creatives inspire and public safety officers maintain order. Ultimately, choosing a career relies on personal strengths and a desire to contribute.
Section
D: Composition writing (20 marks)
14) Write a composition of about 200
words on what, according to you, is a person who is well-dressed
A Well-Dressed Person
A well-dressed person is someone who presents themselves in a neat, clean, and appropriate way. In my opinion, being well-dressed is not about wearing expensive clothes, but about choosing clothes carefully and maintaining good hygiene. This composition will discuss the importance of cleanliness, suitability of clothes, and confidence in dressing.
Firstly, a well-dressed person always keeps their clothes clean and tidy. Clean clothes show that a person respects themselves and others. For example, ironing clothes and avoiding stains makes someone look smart and organized. Therefore, cleanliness is a key part of being well-dressed.
Secondly, wearing suitable clothes is very important. A well-dressed person knows what to wear depending on the occasion. For instance, school uniforms should be worn correctly at school, while formal clothes are suitable for official events. In addition, choosing the right size and matching colors improves appearance. As a result, appropriate dressing makes a person look responsible.
Lastly, confidence completes a person’s appearance. Even simple clothes can look good when someone feels confident. A well-dressed person walks proudly and behaves well. Thus, confidence adds value to dressing.
In conclusion, a well-dressed person is clean, wears suitable clothes, and shows confidence. Therefore, everyone should learn to dress well in order to create a good impression.
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