PART I: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY (50 marks)
Section A: Multiple Choice & Short Answer (26 marks)
For all multiple choice questions, circle a letter
corresponding to the correct answer.
1) i) What is the term for a cluster of stars perceived as a
figure in the sky? (2 marks)
A) Galaxy
B) Constellation
C) Cluster
D) Nebula
Correct answer
B
ii) What are the two main types of crust? (2 marks)
1) Continental crust
2) Oceanic
crust.
2) Which of the following is the lowest layer of the
atmosphere? (2 marks)
A) Stratosphere
B) Mesosphere
C) Troposphere
D) Thermosphere
Answer
C
3) i) What are the two main drainage basins in Rwanda? (2
marks)
1. The Congo Basin
2. The
Nile Basin
ii) What is the term for the arrangement of a river and its
tributaries? (2 marks)
A) River profile
B) Drainage pattern
C) Water cycle
D) River flow
Correct
B
4) i) Which farming method is
recommended in hilly areas of Rwanda to protect soil from erosion? (2 marks)
A) Contour farming and terracing
B) Overgrazing
C) Monoculture
D) Slash-and-burn agriculture.
Correct
A
ii) Which is the best practice for water conservation in a
rural Rwandan village? (2 marks)
A) Promote rainwater harvesting and efficient irrigation
techniques.
B) Encourage wastage of water resources
C) Discourage water storage
D) Rely only on existing water sources without any
conservation efforts.
Correct answer
A
iii) How does deforestation
contribute to climate change? (2 marks)
A) By increasing the absorption
of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
B) By reducing the amount of
carbon dioxide absorbed by trees.
C) By increasing the amount of
rainfall.
D) By decreasing the Earth's
temperature.
Answer
B
5) i) What is the primary factor that determine the type of
vegetation found in a region? (2 marks)
A) Animal species in the area
B) Human activity
C) Availability of water.
D) Temperature, rainfall and soil type
Correct
D
ii) Which of the following is a typical characteristic of
grassland vegetation? (2 marks)
A) Dense trees with a high canopy
B) Wide open areas with scattered trees and shrubs
C) Low-growing shrubs and plants adapted to cold climates
D) Tall, dense forests with a variety of plants.
Correct
B
6) i) Which of the following is a characteristic of a
dendritic drainage pattern? (2 marks)
A) Stream channels flow on straight lines
B) Steams flow in parallel lines
C) Streams form a tree-blanching pattern.
D) Streams flow in concentric circles
Answer
C) Streams form a tree-blanching pattern. ( A mistake in
Exam but we have corrected it "branching")
ii) Which drainage pattern is typically associated with
volcanic regions? (2 marks)
A) Dentritic
B) Parallel
C) Centripetal
D) Radial
Correct
D
7) What time is it at city X located at 30° East when the
time at Greenwich is noon. (2 marks)
A) 2:00 P.M.
B) 2:00 a.m.
C) 3:00 p.m.
D) 3:00 a.m.
Correct
A
Calculation: 30° East means the location is 2 hours ahead of
Greenwich Mean Time. 12:00 noon + 2 hours = 2:00 p.m.
Section B: Attempt only two questions of your choice. (14
marks)
(Students are required to attempt two, but here are the
answers for all).
8) Study the table below and answer the questions that
follow.
|
Months |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
June |
July |
Aug |
Sept |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
|
Mean monthly
temp 0C |
20 |
18 |
21 |
25 |
28 |
28 |
27 |
28 |
20 |
20 |
21 |
23 |
i) Which is the mean annual temperature? (3 marks)
A) 250C
B) 240C
C) 230C
D) 210C
Answer
C
(Calculation: Sum of all months is equal 276, divided by
12)
ii) Which is the annual temperature range? (2 marks)
A) 280C
B) 80C
C) 200C
D) 100C
Correct
D
Calculation: Highest temp is (28) minus lowest temp (18)
iii) What is the hottest and the coolest month at this
weather station? (2 marks)
A. The hottest months are June and July.
B. The coolest month is February.
9) i) Which rock type is formed from the remains of plants
and animals? (2 marks)
A) Organically formed sedimentary rocks
B) Mechanically formed sedimentary rocks
C) Chemically formed sedimentary rocks
D) Extrusive igneous rocks
Correct
A
ii) What process that causes the change of limestone
into marble? (2 marks)
A) Weathering
B) Erosion
C) Metamorphism
D) Deposition
Correct
C
iii) Why are metamorphic rocks generally harder than
sedimentary rocks? (2 marks)
A) They are formed from magma.
B) They are made of organic materials.
C) They are formed on the earth’s surface.
D) They are subjected to intense heat and pressure.
Correct
D
iv) Which one of the following is an example of
igneous rock? (1 mark)
A) Clay
B) Slate
C) Mudstone
D) Granite
Correct
D
10) What are the possible measures taken by Rwanda to mitigate the challenges of being a land locked country? (7 marks)
(Award marks for
any well-explained points from the following)
Developing air transport: Expanding RwandAir and
building the new Bugesera International Airport for high-value cargo.
Regional Integration: Joining the East African
Community (EAC) to benefit from shared infrastructure, single customs
territories, and free movement of goods.
Inland Ports/Dry Ports: Developing facilities like
the Kigali Inland Port (Masaka) to streamline customs and cargo handling.
Railway Projects: Investing in standard gauge railway
(SGR) connections to major seaports (e.g., the Dar es Salaam-Isaka-Kigali
route).
Diplomatic Relations: Maintaining strong bilateral
ties with transit neighbors (Tanzania and Kenya) to ensure smooth access to the
ports of Dar es Salaam and Mombasa.
Focusing on High-Value Exports: Shifting the economy
toward services, ICT, tourism, and lightweight/high-value exports (minerals,
specialty coffee) that are less impacted by high overland shipping costs.
Section C: This question on photographic interpretation is
compulsory (10 marks)
11) Study the photograph below and then answer the questions
that follow.
a) What type of photograph is this? (2 marks)
Ground-level
photograph (or Terrestrial photograph).
b) Name animals shown in the photograph. (2 marks)
1. A Zebras
2. A Giraffe.
c) In which national park and district of Rwanda where the
photograph was taken from? (2 marks)
Akagera
National Park. It is located in the Eastern Province (spanning Kayonza,
Gatsibo, and Nyagatare districts).
d) Give the name of the main activity carried out in the
region shown in the photograph. (2 marks)
1. Wildlife
conservation
2. Tourism.
e) Give two (2) importance of the activity mentioned in (d)
above. (2 marks)
Generates
foreign exchange revenue,
Creates
local employment (tour guides, rangers),
Promotes
infrastructural development (roads, hotels),
Helps
conserve biodiversity.
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PART II: HUMAN AND
ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY (50 marks)
Section A: Multiple Choice & Fill-in-the-Blanks (29
marks)
12) i) Why does industrial development attract people to
urban centers? (2 marks)
A) It reduces the cost of living.
B) It offers employment opportunities.
C) It improves rural infrastructure.
D) It decreases the demand for goods and services.
Correct answer
B
ii) Linear settlements typically
develop (2 marks)
A) In areas with low rainfall.
B) In mountainous regions.
C) In isolated areas with few
inhabitants.
D) Along transportation routes
like roads.
Correct
D
13) If a tea plantation is established on a steep hillside,
which soil conservation technique would be most appropriate? (2 marks)
A) Monoculture
B) Bush burning
C) Over cultivation
D) Terracing
Correct
D
14) Fill in the blank spaces with the following proposed
words: (a natural; tropical rainforests; Reforestation; afforestation;
exploitation) 5 Marks
a) Forestry is the industry that deals with the preservation
and exploitation
of trees.
b) Planting trees in an area that previously had no forest
is called afforestation
c) Reforestation
is the planting of trees in an area where a forest has been destroyed.
d) Nyungwe Forest is an example of a natural forest in
Rwanda.
e) Hardwood trees, a continuous canopy, and thick
undergrowth are characteristics of tropical rainforests
15) i) What is the term for rearing fish in artificial water
bodies or ponds? (2 marks)
A) Aquaculture
B) Pisciculture
C) Horticulture
D) Agriculture
Correct
B
ii) What is the common traditional fishing method in Africa?
(2 marks)
A) Spearing
B) Trawling
C) Seining
D) Drifting
Correct
A
16) i) What is irrigation? (2 marks)
A) The lake reclamation
B) The application of water to land for agriculture
C) The rearing of animals
D) The clearing of forests for farming
Correct
B
ii) How does subsistence farming differ from commercial
farming? (2 marks)
A) Subsistence farming is small-scale and for personal use,
while commercial farming is large-scale and for profit.
B) Commercial farming is primarily for home consumption
while subsistence farming is for selling purpose.
C) Subsistence farming is done on large-scale land, while
commercial farming is done on small-scale land.
D) There is no difference at all.
Correct
A
17) i) What is a population census? (2 marks)
A) A study of population preferences
B) An official count of a population
C) A prediction of future population growth
D) A way of controlling population growth
Answer
B
ii) Which is NOT a physical factor influencing population
distribution? (2 marks)
A) Climate
B) Soil fertility
C) Religion
D) Relief
Answer
C
iii) Why are some areas of Africa sparsely populated?
(2 marks)
A) Due to reliable rainfall and fertile soils.
B) Due to harsh climates, such as deserts and arid regions.
C) Due to high levels of urbanization.
D) None of the above
Correct
B
18) i) How could the development of efficient transportation infrastructure impact mining operations? 2 Marks
A) Increase production costs
B) Reduce access to mineral deposits
C) Facilitate the transport of mined minerals
D) Decrease demand for the minerals
Correct
C
ii) What is the main advantage of biomass energy? 2 Marks
A) It requires high-cost inputs
B) It is widely available and naturally distributed
C) It contributes to global warming
D) All of the above are correct
Answer
B
Section B: Attempt
only three questions of your choice. (21 marks)
(Students are
required to attempt three, but here are the answers for all).
19) i) Match the tourist attractions in Rwanda with their
exact locations. (3 marks)
|
Locations |
Tourist
attractions |
|
a) Akagera
National Park |
i) Home to
mountain gorillas |
|
b) Nyungwe
National Park |
ii) Known for
savannah landscapes, buffaloes, and lions |
|
c) Volcanoes
National Park |
iii) Known
for primates, diverse plant life, and canopy walks |
a) ------ > ii)
b) ------ > iii)
c) ------ > i)
ii) Match the problem in Column A with a potential
consequence in Column B. (4 marks)
|
Column A |
Column B |
|
a) Poaching |
i) Decrease
in tourist arrivals |
|
b) Political
Instability |
ii) Decline
in wildlife populations |
|
c)
Environmental Destruction |
iii)
Difficulty in accessing tourist sites |
|
d) Inadequate
Infrastructure |
iv) Loss of
natural attractions |
a) ------ > ii)
b) ------ > i)
c) ------ > iv)
d) ------ > iii)
20) i) Which of the following is NOT a traditional method of
communication? (2 marks)
A) Smoke signals
B) Beating drums
C) Internet
D) Whistling
Answer
C
ii) What is the major disadvantage of using road transport?
(2 marks)
A) Limited flexibility
B) Traffic congestion and accidents
C) High speed
D) Environmental sustainability
Correct
B
iii) Use the word(s) given in the brackets to
complete the following sentences:
(Air transport, Water transport, Land transport) (3 marks)
A) Air
transport refers
to the use of aircraft to transport people and goods quickly across long
distance.
B) Land
transport refers
to movement of people and goods using roads.
C) Water
transport refers to movement of goods and passengers using water
bodies.
21) i) Match the type of industry with its
description. (3 marks)
|
Type of
Industry |
Description |
|
a) Primary
Industry |
i) Provides
services |
|
b) Secondary
Industry |
ii) Extracts
raw materials |
|
c) Tertiary
Industry |
iii)
Processes raw materials into finished goods |
Correct
a) ------ > ii)
b) ------ > iii)
c) ------ > i)
ii) Which of the following is NOT a major factor in
determining the location of industries? (2 marks)
A) Presence of monotheists
B) Availability of raw materials
C) Availability of skilled labour
D) Presence of transport facilities
Correct
A
iii) The presence of which of the following can lead to the
growth of an industrial cluster or agglomeration? 2 Marks
A) Government incentives
B) Skilled labour availability
C) Proximity to transportation networks
D) All of the above
Correct
D
22) Discuss the importance of power and energy in Africa. (2 marks) (7 marks)
(Award marks for any well-explained points from the
following)
Drives Industrialization: Provides the necessary
power to operate machinery, factories, and heavy industries.
Improves Living Standards: Supplies electricity for
lighting, heating, and cooking in households, reducing reliance on traditional
biomass and improving health.
Modernizes Agriculture: Powers irrigation systems,
agro-processing machines, and cold storage facilities, reducing post-harvest
losses.
Job Creation: The energy sector itself (generation,
transmission, maintenance) creates thousands of jobs, while reliable power
allows other businesses to grow and hire.
Supports Essential Services: Crucial for the
operation of hospitals, schools, communication networks, and water treatment
plants.
Government Revenue: Exporting surplus energy to
neighboring countries generates foreign exchange.
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