PART I: HISTORY OF AFRICA
Section A: Multiple Choice & Matching (30 marks)
1) i) Among the options given below, which one is NOT
a challenge that is faced by historians in collecting historical information?
(2 marks)
A) Language barrier.
B) Some historical sources are expensive to use.
C) Getting reliable information about the past.
D) Death of eyewitness
Correct answer
C
ii) Which of the following is a process of collecting
historical information
Correct answer
D All the above are correct.
2) i) Among the following options, choose the best
alternative that describes Abiru in pre-colonial Rwanda. (2 marks)
A) Military commanders
B) Advisors and cultural custodians
C) Farmers and herders
D) Labourers in the country
Answer
B
ii) What was the significance of
"Umudende" in the Rwandan army? (2 marks)
A) A type of military uniform
B) A reward for warriors who
killed 7 enemies
C) A title given to the army
general
D) A type of traditional shield
Correct answer
B
3) i) When did Rwanda get its independence?
A) 1st July 1952
B) 1st July 1692
C) 1st July 1962
D) 1st July 1972
Answer
C
ii) What was the main demand of the Rwandan Patriotic Front
(RPF) during the liberation struggle? (2 marks)
A) Equal distribution of land in Rwanda
B) The return of Tutsi refugees and political reform
C) The abolition of monarchy in Rwanda
D) Economic independence from Belgium
Correct
B
4) i) Which European country was the first to colonize
Rwanda? (2 marks)
A) Belgium
B) France
C) Germany
D) Britain
Correct
C
5) i) Which of the following is a feature of 1994 Genocide
against the Tutsi? (2 marks)
A) Massive killing and massacre of people.
B) Extreme forms of violence against innocent people.
C) Organised to eliminate the Tutsi.
D) All of the above are correct
Correct
D
ii) After the liberation war, Rwanda prioritized rebuilding
its economy. Which one of the following strategies demonstrates how to apply
Rwanda’s approach to economic recovery? (2 marks)
A) Relying entirely on foreign aid without local investment
B) Investing in education, infrastructure, and
entrepreneurship
C) Limiting economic opportunities to a select group of
citizens
D) Avoiding international trade and partnerships
Correct answer
B
6) i) Why is Africa considered the "cradle of
humanity"? (2 marks)
A) It has the most fossils of early humans
B) It has the largest population
C) It is the biggest continent
D) It has diverse wildlife
Correct
A
ii) Which theory explains that humankind was created by God?
(2 marks)
A) Biblical Theory
B) Big Bang Theory
C) Scientific Theory
D) None of the above
Correct
A
7) Match the following Stone Age periods with their
characteristics (6 marks)
|
Stone Age
period |
Characteristic |
|
i) Early
Stone Age period (Paleolithic) |
a) They made
rules and regulations to have law and order in the societies. |
|
ii) The
Middle Stone Age period (Mesolithic) |
b) Man was
living a wandering life and lived on trees. |
|
iii) Late
Stone Age (Neolithic period) |
c) Man
invented fire and used it for roasting meat and warming himself. |
Correct
i) ------ > b)
ii) ------ > c)
iii) ------ > a)
8) i) Which one of the following best
describes the "indirect rule" method used by some colonial powers? (2
marks)
A) African territories were left completely autonomous.
B) Colonial powers avoided interfering in local governance.
C) African leaders were used as intermediaries to enforce
colonial policies.
D) Europeans governed African colonies directly through
their own officials.
Correct answer
C
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PART II: HISTORY OF EUROPE AND THE REST OF THE WORLD
Section A: Multiple Choice & Fill-in-the-Blanks (30
marks)
9) i) In the following options, select the primary cause of
the American Revolution. (2 marks)
A) Religious persecution
B) Desire for independence from British colonial rule
C) Conflict with Native American tribes
D) Internal conflict between American colonies
Correct
B
ii) Why did King George III introduce harsh laws in the
American colonies? (2 marks)
A) To encourage free trade with 13 colonies
B) To give all American colonies more autonomy
C) To bring the colonies under closer British control
D) To promote democratic governance
Correct
C
10) i) What led to the formation of trade unions during the
Industrial Revolution? (2 marks)
A) Increased wages
B) Improved working conditions
C) Government support for workers
D) Poor wages and long working hours
Correct
D
ii) What impact did Industrial Revolution have on child
labor?
A) It reduced child labor
B) It increased child labor in factories
C) It had no effect on child labor
D) It led to the immediate abolition of child labor
Correct
B
11) i) What type of government did France have before the
1789 French Revolution? (2 marks)
A) Constitutional monarchy
B) Absolute monarchy C
) Democratic republic
D) None of the above
Correct
B
ii) Who was the King of France at the time of the French
Revolution in 1789? (2 marks)
A) Louis XVI
B) Louis XV
C) Louis XIV
D) Louis XVII
Correct
A
12) i) Which alliance was formed by Germany, Austria,
Hungary and Italy prior to the World War I (2 marks)
A) Triple Entente
B) NATO
C) Warsaw Pact
D) Triple Alliance
Answer
D
ii) How did imperialism contribute to the outbreak of
World War I? (2 marks)
A) It led to competition and conflicts over colonies and
resources.
B) It promoted disarmament among European powers.
C) It created a united European empire.
D) It eliminated tensions between nations.
Correct
A
13) i) Which of the
following options was a measure taken by Germany to overcome the world economic
depression? (2 marks)
A) Accepting the terms of the 1919 Versailles peace treaty
B) Violating the 1919 terms of the Versailles peace treaty
C) Accepting to pay the war indemnity
D) None of the above
Correct
B
ii) Which country was NOT part of the
Triple Entente? (2 marks)
A) France
B) Russia
C) Germany
D) Britain
Correct
C
14) i) Which of the following is a principle
of democracy? (2 marks)
A) Political tolerance
B) Censorship
C) Authoritarianism
D) Racial segregation
Correct
A
ii) Which of the following is essential in a democratic
election? (2 marks)
A) Banning opposition parties
B) Free and fair elections
C) Intimidating the candidates
D) All of the above are correct
Correct
B
15) i) Which of the following is NOT an example of human
right violation? (2 marks)
A) Sexual abuse through rape and defilement
B) Treating all people equally
C) Torturing innocent people during a war.
D) Denial of the freedom of expression
Correct
B
16) Use the word(s) given in the brackets to complete the
following sentences: (Physical disability, Sensory disability, Inclusive
education, Mental disability) (4 marks)
i) Inclusive education happens when children with and
without disabilities participate and learn together in the same classes.
ii) Physical disability is an impairment that makes
one unable to use his or her physical organs like the limbs (hands and legs) to
perform a function.
iii) Sensory disability is an impairment of one or
more senses. It mostly affects vision and hearing.
iv) Mental disability is a psychological or behavioural condition that affects the brain.
SECTION B: Essay Questions (40 marks)
Students are required to answer ONE question from Part I
and ONE from Part II. Below are the key talking points and CBC-aligned grading
rubrics for each essay prompt.
Part I Options (Choose 1)
17) Explain the factors that led to the expansion of the
Rwanda kingdom. (20 marks)
Strong and able leadership: The presence of visionary
and militarily strategic kings, such as Ruganzu II Ndoli and Kigeli IV
Rwabugiri, who actively expanded the borders.
Military organization: A highly trained, permanent,
and disciplined military structure (the Intore system and regular
armies).
Centralized administration: A strong, organized
socio-political structure that efficiently integrated newly conquered
territories and minimized internal rebellions.
Economic stability: A strong economy based on
agriculture, ironworking, and particularly cattle wealth, which sustained the
military and the state.
Socio-cultural unity: A shared language
(Kinyarwanda), religion, and cultural practices that easily assimilated
conquered peoples.
Weakness of neighbors: Disunity and lack of strong
military organization among neighboring societies made them easy targets for
annexation.
18) Discuss the achievements of the Government of
National Unity in Rwanda. (20 marks)
Restoration of peace and security: Successfully
stopping the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi and neutralizing insurgencies to
secure the country's borders.
Repatriation and resettlement: Successfully bringing
back and reintegrating millions of refugees and internally displaced persons.
Justice and reconciliation: Establishing the Gacaca
courts to handle genocide cases efficiently, alongside the creation of the
National Unity and Reconciliation Commission (NURC) to heal the social fabric.
Economic recovery: Launching Vision 2020, stabilizing
the economy, rebuilding infrastructure, and promoting ICT and tourism.
Political stability & Democratization: Drafting
and adopting the 2003 Constitution, holding democratic elections, and
implementing a decentralization policy to empower local communities.
Social welfare: Introducing universal basic education
(Nine/Twelve Years Basic Education) and a highly successful community-based
health insurance scheme (Mutuelle de Santé).
Part II Options (Choose 1)
19) Discuss the weaknesses or the failures of the League of
Nations. (20 marks)
Absence of major powers: The United States never
joined (despite President Wilson proposing it), and other major powers like the
USSR, Germany, and Japan either joined late, were excluded initially, or left
early.
Lack of a standing army: The League had no military
force of its own to enforce its resolutions and had to rely on member states
who were often reluctant to intervene.
Veto power and slow decision-making: The requirement
for unanimous decisions in the Assembly and Council made it incredibly
difficult to take swift, decisive action during crises.
Self-interest of leading members: Britain and France
often prioritized their own national interests and empires over the collective
security mandate of the League.
Failure to stop aggression: The League failed to act
effectively against major acts of aggression, such as Japan's invasion of
Manchuria (1931) and Italy's invasion of Abyssinia (1935).
Ineffective economic sanctions: When the League did
apply economic sanctions, they were often weak, easily bypassed, and
unsupported by non-members like the USA.
20) Evaluate the effects of the American Revolution both in
America and the rest of the world. (20 marks)
Effects in America:
Achievement of independence from British colonial rule and
the birth of a new nation (the United States of America).
Establishment of a democratic republic based on a written
constitution and the Bill of Rights.
Economic growth due to the end of British mercantilist
restrictions, allowing for free trade.
Westward territorial expansion.
Limitation: It failed to immediately abolish slavery or grant equal rights to Native Americans and women.
Effects on the Rest of the World:
Directly inspired the French Revolution of 1789 by
popularizing Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality, and resistance to
tyranny.
Influenced and encouraged independence movements across
Latin America against Spanish and Portuguese rule.
Temporarily weakened the British Empire and forced them to
change their colonial policies in other regions (like Canada and India).
Set a global precedent for written constitutions and the
protection of human rights.
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